Resumen
Las enfermedades tromboembólicas han sido denominadas la nueva epidemia de los hospitales pediátricos del tercer nivel de atención. Siendo más evidente en los pacientes cardiacos y cardioquirúrgicos, que en ningún otro tipo de pacientes. Los niños tratados por presentar cardiopatía estructural desarrollan trombosis iatrogenicamente, frecuentemente precipitada por la presencia de catéter venoso central. El sistema de la hemostasia no se encuentra completamente desarrollado hasta los 6 meses de edad. Hay importantes diferencias fisiológicas en el sistema hemostático de los niños comparado con el de los adultos. Las complicaciones trombóticas, cuando ocurren en niños, son habitualmente eventos secundarios asociados a patologías subyacentes. La incidencia global de eventos tromboembólicos en niños se encuentra en aumento, estimándose un rango entre 0.07 a 28.8 casos por cada 10.000 admisiones pediátricas en general.
Este artículo revisa determinados procesos mórbidos pediátricos, los agentes antitrombóticos más frecuentemente utilizados en la población pediátrica, y la evidencia científica disponible para la prevención ante diferentes situaciones clínicas.Citas
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