Retirada de la vía aérea artificial: extubación en Terapia Intensiva. Revisión narrativa
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Abstract
RESUMEN
La retirada de la vía aérea artificial es un proceso habitual dentro de la unidad de cuidados intensivos que suele acompañar al éxito de la prueba de respiración espontánea. Predecir el resultado de la extubación es un punto controvertido en donde la bibliografía es poco robusta, por lo que la valoración y evaluación de predictores de éxito/falla es de suma importancia para realizar un análisis clínico completo e individualizado del paciente que contemple los beneficios potenciales de la extubación a tiempo, así como como los daños y las consecuencias de una extubación fallida. En esta revisión se describe la evaluación del paciente a extubar, el proceso de extubación propiamente dicho y las complicaciones asociadas a la retirada de la vía aérea artificial.
ABSTRACT
The removal of artificial airway is a common process in the intensive care unit that often accompanies successful spontaneous breathing trial. Predict the outcome of extubation is a controversial point where the literature is not robust, so the assessment of success / failure predictors is of great importance to perform a complete and individualized clinical analysis of the patient that considers the potential benefits of extubation on time, as well as the damages and consequences of a failed extubation. In this review we describe the evaluation of the patient to be extubated, the extubation process and the complications associated with the withdrawal of the artificial airway.
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