Assessment of the Situation of Emergency Laboratories in Argentina During the Period of Highest Incidence of the Dengue

Abstract

Introduction: Dengue, along with chikungunya and Zika, is an arbovirosis of growing global concern. In 2024, Argentina experienced a significant dengue outbreak, highlighting the crucial role of laboratories in diagnosing and managing this disease. Objective: To evaluate the response capacity of biochemists in emergency and intensive care laboratories during the dengue outbreak in Argentina during the first quarter of 2024, in order to identify strengths and areas for improvement in organization and resources. Methodology: A nationwide survey was conducted between April 5 and 21, 2024, targeting biochemists from public and private laboratories. Data collected through social media was analyzed using Power BI. Results: A total of 81 biochemists from 69 institutions across 14 provinces participated, mostly from the public sector. 63% reported having a triage area, and 53% followed a specific protocol for dengue. Although the demand for diagnostics increased compared to 2023, 57.1% of laboratories were unable to meet it. The shortage of key reagents, such as antigens and antibodies, forced to rely on clinical symptoms and basic laboratory tests, while derived samples were later confirmed with polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion: The outbreak underscored the need to improve resource management, address reagent shortages, and foster greater collaboration between healthcare system actors to better respond to future dengue outbreaks.