Detección de la disfagia en el paciente adulto con vía aérea artificial en terapia intensiva, recomendaciones de expertos intersocietarias.
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RESUMEN
La disfagia, como alteración del proceso deglutorio con las múltiples complicaciones que conlleva, es uno de los problemas más frecuentes a enfrentar en las Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. A pesar de ser altamente prevalente, por las múltiples etiologías y los factores que la ocasionan, se configura en una entidad insuficientemente diagnosticada en las Unidad de Terapia Intensiva. Su presencia es causa de aumento de la morbilidad, la mortalidad y de la estancia hospitalaria.
Hasta el momento, no se dispone en Argentina de consensos o guías para la detección de la disfagia en la terapia intensiva.
El objetivo de esta publicación es describir los factores de riesgo, la prevalencia, los métodos de evaluación deglutoria, y recomendar acciones para la detección de la disfagia en el paciente adulto,internado en terapia intensiva con vía aérea artificial, consensuadas según la evidencia científica existente.
ABSTRACT
Dysphagia, as an alteration of the swallowing process with the multiple complications that it entails, it is one of the most frequent problems to be faced in the Intensive Care Units (ICU). It is highly prevalent, due to the multiple etiologies and the factors that cause it, and it’s configured in an entity insufficiently diagnosed in the ICUs. Its presence is the cause of increased morbidity, mortality and hospital stay.
Until now, consensus or guidelines for the detection of dysphagia in the ICU are not available in Argentina.
The objective of this publication is to describe risk factors, prevalence, swallowing evaluation methods and to recommend actions for the screening and assessment of dysphagia in adult patients, admitted in ICU with an artificial airway, according to existing scientific evidence and agreed in a position statement.
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