TUBOS ENDOTRAQUEALES: REVISIÓN
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Resumen
El tubo endotraqueal (TET) es la interfaz más utilizada para la aplicación de ventilación mecánica invasiva. El conocimiento de las características técnicas (el diámetro, la longitud, el material del que está fabricado, etc.) resulta fundamental para una adecuada utilización del dispositivo e interpretación de la mecánica del sistema respiratorio (flujos, resistencia, parámetros de liberación de la ventilación mecánica, etc.) en pacientes intubados. En la siguiente revisión se realizó una descripción de los TET unilumen, doble lumen y de aquellos con características especiales. A pesar que la mayoría de los pacientes podrían beneficiarse de la utilización de los TET unilumen, resulta relevante el conocimiento de las características particulares del resto de los TET de forma tal de elegir el dispositivo apropiado para los requerimientos del paciente en una situación dada. Dentro de los TET especiales, se realizó una breve revisión de la evidencia de tubos modificados para la prevención de la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica.
Endotracheal tubes are the most common devices used for the application of invasive mechanical ventilation. Knowledge of technical characteristics (diameter, length, material, etc.) is essential for the appropriate utilization of this tubes and interpretation of respiratory mechanics (flow, resistance, weaning parameters, etc.) in intubated patients. In this review we have described single-lumen tubes, double-lumen tubes and tubes with special purposes. Even though most patients will benefit with the use of single-lumen tubes, it seems relevant to be familiar with the wide range of tubes with different features in order to choose the suitable tube for patient´s requirement in a given situation. Within special purposes tubes, we have done a short review of the evidence that supports the utilization of endotracheal tubes designed to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia.
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