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El tromboembolismo de pulmón (TEP) es una urgencia cardiovascular de una incidencia anual de 70 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes. La frecuencia anual de aparición de la enfermedad se acrecienta en personas añosas y a su vez se incrementa frente a la presencia de múltiples comorbilidades.
El pronóstico de la enfermedad puede variar ampliamente dependiendo de la forma de presentación. Dentro de este amplio abanico de posibilidades encontramos en uno de los extremos al TEP de alto riesgo con elevada mortalidad y en el otro extremo al TEP de bajo riesgo con escasa repercusión hemodinámica de baja mortalidad.
Habitualmente la presentación clínica es poco específica y frecuentemente se asocia a otras patologías con signos y síntomas que se superponen, generando demoras diagnósticas.
La mayoría de los eventos de embolia pulmonar están relacionados con la trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) proximal de los miembros inferiores. Esta entidad se asocia a condiciones que determinan hipercoagulabilidad sanguínea, tanto congénitas como adquiridas, sin embargo un porcentaje significativo de pacientes presentan enfermedad tromboembólica (ET) sin que se pueda establecer un factor predisponente.
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